The first computers did not have electrical circuits, monitors or
memory. The abacus, an ancient Chinese adding machine, is one of the
original computing machines, used as early as 400 B.C. It can't do many
of the computations that a modern electronic calculator can do, but it
in the right hands it can make calculating large sums as easy as moving
beads around. Famous mathematicians such as Leonardo da Vinci and Blaise
Pascal invented more sophisticated calculators using gears and punch
cards.
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